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Consequences
of Stroke
- Worldwide, stroke is the second leading cause of
death, responsible for 4.4 million (9 percent) of
the total 50.5 million deaths each year.
- Stroke is the No. 3 cause of death in the U.S.,
behind heart disease (with which it is closely linked)
and cancer.
- Stroke affects more than 700,000 individuals annually
in the United States (approximately one person every
45 seconds). About 500,000 of these are first attacks,
and 200,000 are recurrent attacks.
- Someone in the U.S. dies every 3.3 minutes from
stroke
- Stroke is the leading cause of disability among
adults in the U.S.
- More than 4 million people in the United States
have survived a stroke or brain attack and are living
with the after-effects.
- Four out of five families will be somehow affected
by stroke over the course of a lifetime.
Current statistics
for stroke survival rates are:
- 10 percent of stroke victims recover almost completely.
- 25 percent of stroke victims recover with minor
impairments.
- 40 percent of stroke victims experience moderate
to severe impairments requiring special care.
- 10 percent of stroke victims require care in a
nursing home or other long-term care facility.
- 15 percent die shortly after the stroke.
- 7.6 percent of ischemic strokes and 37.5 percent
of hemorrhagic strokes result in death within 30 days.
- While subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents
only about 7 percent of all strokes, it is the most
deadly — with more than a 50 percent fatality
rate. Of the survivors, approximately half will suffer
permanent disability.
- 22 percent of men and 25 percent of women die within
a year of their first stroke.
- 14 percent of people who have a stroke or TIA will
have another within a year.
- About 25 percent of stroke victims will have another
within five years.
Risk Factors:
Age, Gender & Ethnicity
- Women account for approximately 43 percent of strokes
that occur each year, but they account for 61 percent
of stroke deaths.
- Stroke risk increases with age. For each decade
after age 55, the risk of stroke doubles.
- Each year, 28 percent of people who suffer a stroke
are under age 65.
- The incidence of stroke in African-American males
is approximately 93 per 100,000, with a death rate
of approximately 51 percent. In African-American females,
the incidence is 79 per 100,000, with a death rate
of 39.2 percent. Young African-Americans have a two
to three times greater risk of ischemic stroke than
the Caucasian population of the same age.
- The incidence rate of stroke in Caucasian males
is 62.8 per 100,000, with a 26.3 percent death rate.
In Caucasian females, the incidence is 59 per 100,000,
with a death rate of 39.2 percent.
- The estimated age-adjusted prevalence of stroke
for Americans aged 20 years and older is 2.2 percent
for non-Hispanic white men and 1.5 percent for women;
for non-Hispanic blacks, 2.5 percent for men and 3.2
percent for women; and for Mexican Americans, 2.3
percent for men and 1.3 percent for women
- Cardiac heart failure (CHF) causes 75,000 strokes
per year in the United States.
- People with uncontrolled high blood pressure are
seven times more likely to have a stroke than people
with controlled high blood pressure.
- The risk of stroke is two-and-a-half times higher
in people with diabetes.
- More than 75 percent of Americans cannot name the
most common warning sign of stroke — sudden
numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially
on one side of the body — according to the American
Stroke Association.
- Fewer than half of all individuals over 50 are
actually aware of what stroke is, its signs and symptoms,
and the importance of seeking immediate medical attention.
Brain Aneurysms
- It is estimated that up to one in 15 people in
the United States will develop a brain aneurysm during
their lifetime.
- Approximately 0.2 to 3 percent of people with a
brain aneurysm may suffer from bleeding per year.
- The annual incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid
hemorrhage in the U.S. exceeds 30,000 people. Ten
percent to 15 percent of these patients will die before
reaching the hospital and more than 50 percent will
die within the first 30 days after rupture. Of those
who survive, about half suffer some permanent neurological
deficit.
- Brain aneurysms can occur in people of all ages,
but are most commonly detected in those ages 35 to
60.
- Women are more likely to get a brain aneurysm than
men, with a ratio of 3:2.
Economic
Cost of Stroke
- The total cost of stroke to the United States is
estimated at $43 billion per year.
- The direct costs of medical care and therapy are
estimated at $28 billion per year.
- Indirect costs from lost productivity and other
factors are estimated at $15 million per year.
- The average cost of care for a patient up to 90
days after stroke is $15,000.
- For 10 percent of patients, the cost of care for
the first 90 days after a stroke is $35,000.
- The percentage breakdown of the direct costs of
care for the first 90 days after a stroke is:
Initial hospitalization
– 43 percent
Rehabilitation
– 16 percent
Physician costs
– 14 percent
Hospital Readmission
– 14 percent
Medications and
other expenses – 13 percent
Sources include:
- American Cancer Society
- American Diabetes Association
- American Heart Association
- American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic
Neuroradiology
- American Stroke Association (a division of the American
Heart Association)
- Brain Attack Coalition
- Centers for Disease Control
- Hazel K. Goddess Fund for Stroke Research in Women
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and
Stroke (NINDS)
- National Stroke Association
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Stroke & The Brain
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