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In recent years, a number of major complications of
pregnancy have been linked to heritable genetic conditions.
Patients with one of these gene alterations are at increased
risk for problems such as preeclampsia, stillbirth,
fetal growth retardation, and premature placental abruption.
The genes in question include Factor V and Prothrombin
II, the same genes and alterations as those involved
in blood clotting problems (see ‘Blood Clots’
section). In addition, another heritable alteration
in the gene call MTHFR causes a similar pattern of risk.
The MTHFR problem alterations are found in 10%-13% of
the population. In addition, there is evidence that
MTHFR is involved in certain birth defects such as spina
bifida.
Women who are experiencing or have experienced one
of these pregnancy related problems should be tested
for all of these alterations. Identification of the
genetic predisposition can lead to more careful monitoring
and, if necessary, treatment to reduce the risk. Also
note that since the same genes are involved in blood
clotting disorders, anyone pregnant or considering pregnancy
with a personal or family history of blood clotting
problems should be tested.
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Complications
of Pregnancy
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